Basic Chem Facts You Should Know About

Basic Chem Facts You Should Know AboutIt is important to know some basic Chemistry facts when you take a Chem course to get a degree in the field. In this article I will give you some information on the most important factors you should consider when preparing to study the subject.For instance, it is usually considered that the % carbon contains the basic constituents of the various elements. These constituents are elements like Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen. The basic definition of the % carbon element is the formula is given below -Now, if you are doing any chemistry which involves the element Carbon you can always go ahead and double check your calculations as there are some elements that look similar but have different proportions. In this case the elements would be Hydrogen and Oxygen. Remember, always double check the calculations and always double check the fraction before finalizing the math.It is also important to note that in the periodic table there are some elements like Hydrogen which are found much more in the Universe. So, it would be very difficult to use the elements in the periodic table for the elements like Carbon, which are found in the Earth. You have to think about it in a different way to make sense of the formulas.A further part of the chemical history would be the debate that has been going on for decades, which would include the way the procedure to make the elements was defined. The most prominent arguments would be the way things were written down and the way they were recorded. The argument would involve how the formula of Hydrogen was decided and that was the best one. I do not see any difference between the procedure used by the different cultures to decide the formula of an element.The definition of a chemical element would then be determined by the opinions of the different cultures who had researched the substance. This way each culture would determine what their views on the chemical composition were. The most interesting asp ect of this debate would be that the original procedure for deciding the chemical formula of an element was much more rigorous than today's procedures. The most influential chemist of that time would be named William Osler.Finally, I would like to point out that the next step which would be a form of a laboratory would be to test the chemical element. In this case the real testing would be done under a controlled environment to show any deviations from the theoretical chemical formula.

Basic Statistical Methods and Concepts

Basic Statistical Methods and Concepts Learn Everything from Probability to Wilcoxon Tests ChaptersWhat is Probability?How to Choose a Statistical TestWhen to Use Tests of AssociationTests of Comparison between MeansTests of Prediction using Linear RegressionTests for Nonparametric DataHow to Perform Statistical TestsLet’s face it, while data science was named the “sexiest job of the 21st century,” the majority of people still shudder at even the mention of statistics. The root of why this discipline has been so alienating throughout the course of its history can be found with its close relationship with mathematics.Whether you believe you can’t learn statistical analysis or are simply curious to learn more about it, this guide will help get you started by laying out the core introductory concepts.At the heart of statistics are the five essential concepts of statistics, and form the basis for data analysis. The first four can be dealt with without going into much detail about their equations:Mean: the average value, calculated as the sum of all observations over th e number of observationsMedian: the midpoint of the dataset, calculated by ordering all observations from least to greatest and taking the value directly in the middleVariance: the general spread of the data, calculated as the average of squared differences of the meanStandard Deviation: also a measure of spread, calculated by taking the square root of the varianceCompute statistical data easily | Photo by Jorge FranganilloMuch like witnesses in a detective novel, these four concepts start to tell you the story of a particular set of data because they are descriptive statistics. For example, if you look around at the people in any restaurant you find yourself in, it can be very difficult to build a narrative, or interpretation, about the kind of crowd you’re surrounded by based solely on appearance.Say, however, you are given information about their age, monthly income, level of education, gender, and taste of music. The first two concepts, the mean and the median, are both measur es of central tendency that can tell you whether your crowd is mostly twenty-somethings making their way through college or wealthy, elderly people that invest in hedge funds.The difference between when you use these concepts depends on the distribution of the variable that you’re measuring or, in this example, the amount of variability within the crowd. The more alike the crowd is, the more accurate taking the mean will be in telling your story; the more variation between the people are, the more accurate the picture you draw will be by taking the mean.The variance and standard deviation are both measures of variability and can tell you how different each observation in your data are from the average with regards to a specific variable.If you wanted to see how similar the crowd is in terms of age, you would start the computation by calculating the mean age and, by subtracting every individual’s age from it, find a number that tells you how far people are spread from the average . The standard deviation, on the other hand, gives you how  far or close your data is clustered around the mean based on a normal distribution.The standard deviation is exactly like the variance in terms of what it says about the spread of your data â€" in fact, the standard deviation is calculated by taking the square root of the variance. The difference lies in the fact that the standard deviation the descriptive measure that is easiest to report because it is in the same units as the original data, whereas the variance is not.You can test what you've learned in your statistics course so far by attempting some statistics practice problems online!Continuous: can take on any value, like heightDiscrete: are integers, like the number of childrenCategorical variables are qualitative and also fall under two distinct categories:Ordinal: has an obvious order, like a scale rating happiness from 1 to 10Nominal: has no meaningful order, like genderWhen to Use Tests of AssociationThese types of tests are meant for looking at the relationship between two variables. It is the closest you'll get to looking at causality between two variables. For example, you want to discover if there is an association between marital status and level of education. All of these test the strength of the association between two variables:Type of TestType of VariablesExamplePearson CorrelationTwo continuous variablesIf shoe size has an association with heightSpearman CorrelationTwo ordinal variablesHow strong of an association there is between happiness and economic statusChi-SquareTwo categorical variablesTo see whether gender and favorite color have any association AisvaryaData Analysis Teacher 5.00 (4) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AdeyemiData Analysis Teacher 5.00 (4) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AdenikeData Analysis Teacher 5.00 (4) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ThanushanData Analysis Teacher 5.00 (4) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors GokhanData Analysis Teacher 5.00 (4) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors OlawaleData Analysis Teacher £12/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AisvaranData Analysis Teacher 5.00 (4) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Muhammad umairData Analysis Teacher 5.00 (2) £100/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsTests of Comparison between MeansTests of comparison deal with looking at the differences between different variables by looking at the difference between their means. For example, you want to see if where one goes to school makes a difference on standardized test scores.Type of TestType of VariablesExamplePaired T-TestTwo related variablesThe difference between weight before and after taking new supplementIndependent T-TestTwo independent variablesThe difference in spending on gas between people Los Angeles and New YorkOne-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)One independent variable with distinct levels and one continuous variableComparing the means of test scores from three different levels of educationTwo-Way ANOVATwo or more independent variables with distinct levels and one continuous variableComparing the means of test scores from both three levels of education and twelve different zodiac signsTests of Prediction using Linear RegressionPrediction tests are used to determine whether a change in one or more variables the change in another. For example, given data on gender, diet and income you can investigate whether a change in these leads to a change in height.Type of TestType of VariableExampleSimple Linear RegressionOne scale variable (dependent) with one or two scale variables (predictors)You want to see if and how well age and height predict weightMultiple Linear RegressionOne scale variable (dependent) with two or more scale variables (predictors)You want to see if and how well age, height, and income predict weightTests for Nonparametric DataThese tests should be performed when the data does not meet the assump tions for the other tests. For example, when the data does not follow a normal distribution and is highly skewed.Type of TestType of VariableExampleWilcoxon Rank-Sum TestTwo independent variablesBetween two different drugs, which one offers the best relief on two random, distinct groups of a populationWilcoxon Sign-Rank TestTwo related variablesBetween two different drugs, which one offers the best relief on the same group of patientsFriedman TestThree metric or ordinal variables (has to be either metric or ordinal)Three different ad ratings given by individuals in the same populationAddress your research question and experimental designHow to Perform Statistical TestsThere are several assumptions about the data you are using that are tied to each statistical test discussed. In order for the tests to run, be predictive and accurate, these assumptions must be held. Because the assumptions for different types of tests can be different, it is imperative to check them before you start t o model your data.The most common programs used for statistical analysis are:ExcelStataSASSPSSPythonRIf you are running tests for parametric data, there are four main assumption checks that your data will have to pass. However, it should be noted that each test has it's own different set of assumptions that should be checked beforehand, and that this list is simply the ones you will come across most often.AssumptionDescriptionIndependenceThe groups that make up the sample are independent of eachother.NormalityThe data in the set is are normal, meaning that there it follows a normal distribution.Homogeneity of varianceIf there are multiple groups in the data relating to your independent variable, they have the same variance.If you're looking for some extra help on these introductory subjects, there are many online resources you can use to build your skills. Tutoring websites like Superprof, or online webinar courses from R-bloggers can help you get started on crunching some numbers.

Happy New Year!

Happy New Year! From everyone at AJ Tutoring: we wish you a fantastic finish to 2019 and a beautiful start to 2020!For us, the holidays are all about community and giving back. At AJ, community is one of our core values, and we are proud to partner with the local community to provide free or reduced-cost academic and test prep tutoring to students of all backgrounds. Please find below a brief snapshot of what we’ve done recently.Last year we worked with over 1000 students on a pro-bono or reduced-cost basis.We partnered with 18 non-profit organizations to provide top-quality instruction to underserved communities.Our team spent 1400 hours volunteering in the local community. 45% of AJ team members participated in our company-sponsored volunteer projects.Through our outreach efforts, we have partnered with local nonprofits and school groups in order to provide:SAT/ACT prep classesHigh School Entrance Exam ClassesAcademic Homework HelpSeminars on navigating the test-taking processSeminars on Study S killsTeacher TrainingsStudent scholarshipsSupport of local community service effortsHere are just a few of our non-profit partners:SAT at Foundations for College EducationACT at Foundations for College EducationACT with AVID Los AltosSAT with AVID Mountain ViewISEE with Peninsula BridgeAcademic Homework Club with Peninsula BridgeAcademic Homework Club with Peninsula BridgeAcademic Homework Club with Peninsula BridgeWe look forward to another year of getting to know the Bay Area better and to furthering our educational mission! If you are interested in learning more about our educational outreach, you can reach out to AJ’s Social Outreach Director: Chelsea Greene!

Blue Pill or Red Pill Matrix Listening Exercise

Blue Pill or Red Pill Matrix Listening Exercise Im still hooked on watching classic movie clips on the YouTube Movie Clips channel. Today I came across one of my favorite scenes from The Matrix, where Morpheus offers Neo the chance to take the red pill or the blue pill.Its a great scene, and for English listening its got a couple nice phrasal verbs and expressions. Watch the video below, then see if you can answer the questions. Also, do you have any favorite movies youd like to see us use as a listening exercise? Let us know in comments.Answer the questions below in comments, and well respond.1. It is the world that has been ____ ___ your eyes to blind you from the truth. 2. Unfortunately no one can be told what the matrix is, you have to ____ ___ ___ ______. 3. After this there is no _____ ____. 4. What happens if he takes the blue pill? 5. What happens if he takes the red pill? 6. What popular story does Morpheus reference when he talks about the red pill? 7. Why do you think Morpheus makes his last warning, just before Neo tak es a pill? 8. Which pill would you have taken?

English Grammar Than v. That

English Grammar Than v. That A common problem we see in our English classes, especially for speakers of Latin languages like Spanish or French, is confusion between than or that. In Latin languages, they are usually the same word, like que in Spanish, but in English we split them into two words for two ideas.Than is always used for comparing two things. You cannot substitute that for than in a comparative sentence.It is better that I thought. This is a common mistake. The correct sentence is: It is better than I thought.That is a relative clause used to connect and add more information.For example:She took the test that was hard. Which test did she take? The hard test.That is also a demonstrative pronoun. It replaces the object in the sentence.Example:Rock climbing is hard. Yes, that was hard. In this sentence that replaces rock climbing.That is also a subordinating conjunction. It is used when connecting a two-clause sentence.Example:It is better that we go.  The first clause is we go; the second clause or res ult clause is: It is better. In this case you can also use if, but if gives the sentence a different meaning because it is a conditional and means that we arent 100 percent sure the results of the clause.Finally, that can also be used as an adverb.Example: The test wasnt that bad.Ok, so that should answer most of your questions about that v. than. Let us know if you have more! Varaskkar Its explained pretty good. Thanks!

Breakfast Changing Lives One Day at a Time

Breakfast Changing Lives One Day at a Time lifeofpix.com However, a new survey conducted by TODAY revealed some positive news that I’m reporting to brighten your day! Breakfast is changing us all for the better! Yup, it’s a ridiculous statement but there’s some merit to it, and it’s all true (at least, for viewers of the TODAY show). For one thing, according to the survey, a total of eight out of 10 participants agree that breakfast routines help them to stay healthier throughout the day (and most make healthier breakfasts as well). The survey revealed that 86 percent are eating breakfast each and every day. The most important meal of the day is helping people stay on track throughout the rest of the day, and that’s a big deal when it comes to health. The study also revealed that these breakfast routines are changing people’s ideas of what it means to eat a healthy breakfast. In other words, the French toast strips aren’t cutting it, and people are opting for protein bars, smoothies, and other healthy alternatives. The study also revealed that morning time with the family is now just as important as dinner time. So for you and your roommates, this means that breakfast before class is a great way to spend time together, get to know one another more, and get that extra quality time to help build your relationship. Another interesting aspect of the study was that it shows redefined gender roles in that dads are the most common breakfast makers in the morning. Progress! The study also revealed that breakfast meetings are becoming more common and that it’s bettering our vocabulary when it comes to food. Did anyone know you could eat an avocado if it wasn’t in guacamole? Well, we do now! Kind of. The study also revealed that a big aspect of this new appreciation for breakfast comes from social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram, and SnapChat, where individuals can continuously update their friends on their every move, including their mealtime habits. The survey also revealed that one out of every two participants found that the morning was the best “me” time, which is a big reason why they loved their breakfast time. This is also a great time to meet new people as we look the freshest and ready for coffee dates. Plus, these dates easily fit into your schedule, so long as you’re a bit of an early bird. And ever have a late night out with friends? People are still getting up early to have breakfast as a group, something that’s becoming much more popular according to the survey. And this is all not to mention the way that these habits have changed fast food now, McDonalds has all day breakfast, Starbucks is continually adding new drinks to its menu, and other chains are opening earlier or remaining open 24 hours for those early birds and night owls. And how many times since you’ve been in college have you had breakfast for dinner? Probably more than you’re willing to admit. But that’s because breakfast is one of the most important meals of the day, and we’re now ready for it whenever we want it. Literally. And 77 percent of participants claim they are seeking new blenders and other tech items simply because of their morning routine. People are now becoming more creative, taking the time to prepare their food to post a picture of it instead of simply throwing something together and leaving the house. It’s perhaps a generational thing, as the previous generation is used to the traditional bacon and eggs while this generation turned to avocado toast and yogurt bowls with your favorite fixings. Essentially, breakfast has become such an important part of our lives again that it’s actually defining us for the better. It may be ridiculous, and perhaps not the good news that you’re really waiting for, but it’s something in the midst of all this dreariness! And something is without a doubt better than nothing. So put together some breakfast for dinner, skip over the news channel and watch a new TV show or movie, or simply snuggle up with a good book or a loved one (if they aren’t one and the same). Because it’s about time something good happens in our lives, even if that thing is simply a good breakfast. Stay safe out there!

How to Start a Freelance Writing Career

How to Start a Freelance Writing Career via Pixabay Find Your Niche The first thing you should consider before starting a freelance writing career is what your niche is. It will be much easier to find work if you are an expert on a specific topic. Your niche should be something that you are really interested in and enjoy writing about. Once you have decided on your niche, you will be able to find clients that need content related to that topic. Since you will become an expert in this niche, people will be more inclined to pay you for your writing about the topic. Create Writing Samples The first thing a potential client will ask for is a writing sample. Since you are just starting your freelance writing career, you probably don’t have too much to show them. Once you’ve decided on your niche, start writing some sample blog posts and articles. You can publish them using platforms such as Medium or you can create your own blog. If you do not want to publish your samples online, simply save them as files on your computer that you can share with people when asked. Submit Guest Posts A great way to gain some attention and traction online when first starting your freelance writing career is to submit guest posts to blogs that are already established. Not only will this help you gain experience when it comes to writing for an online platform, but it will help you learn how to pitch a blog topic idea successfully. When you write a guest post for a blog, it can also be used as a writing sample. It will also get your name out there and hopefully bring you some business from your post. Educate Yourself The Internet is always changing, so it’s important to keep yourself educated on the latest trends and resources when it comes to building a freelance writing career. There are plenty of free online courses and certifications that you can obtain to help you build your business. Keep in mind that not only should you know how to write a successful blog post, but also run a business. This means how to sell your services and keep track of potential new clients. Having a freelance writing career is more than just writing projects. It involves growing your business, bookkeeping and keeping track of expenses, and building a brand for yourself. Publish on LinkedIn Another great place to show your writing samples and get your work out there is on LinkedIn. You can write articles that will appear in your connections’ timeline and on your profile. Not only is this a great way to create some writing samples, but it could potentially bring you new business. If someone reads your article and enjoys your writing style, they may contact you with a project they would like to work on with you. You never know who is going to read your content on LinkedIn! Learn How to Pitch Clients It can be pretty intimidating starting a freelance writing career. You may not know where to start or how to gain new clients. The best way to find work as a freelance writer is by cold emailing businesses about your services. Take time and research businesses in your niche that could use some help with their blog, social media, or website copy. Then send them an email explaining how your services can help them grow their business and increase their sales. While there will be a lot of rejection and being ignored, it just takes one email to bring your first client through the door. Starting a Freelance Writing Career While a freelance writing career may sound pretty easy, sitting at a computer all day writing blog posts, there is so much more to it than that. It is building a business and a brand that will attract clients. To begin a successful freelance writing career, you should pick a niche that you can write about. Then create writing samples that you can then show potential clients that you pitch to show them just how wonderful a writer you truly are. Lastly, always stay educated and up to date on new practices and business tactics.